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Drupal (IPA pronunciation: [druː pʰəl]) is a free and open source modular content management system (CMS) written in the programming language PHP.

Drupal runs in many environments including Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, or any platform that supports either the Apache (version 1.3+), or IIS (version IIS5+) Web server as well as the PHP language (version 4.3.3+). As Drupal requires a database to store content and settings, access to a database package such as MySQL or PostgreSQL is also necessary. Detailed requirements are available at Drupal's Web Site.

Originally written by Dries Buytaert as a bulletin board system, Drupal became an open source project in 2001. Drupal is an English transliteration of the Dutch word “druppel,” which means “drop” (as in “a water droplet”). The name was taken from the now defunct Drop.org website, whose code slowly evolved into Drupal. Buytaert wanted to call the site “dorp” (Dutch for “village”, referring to its community aspects), but made a typo when checking the domain name and thought it sounded better.[2]

Drupal has received praise from Web administrators, designers, and programmers due in part to its modular design, which allows its basic layer, or "core", to provide essential features in its default configuration. Additional functionality and presentation can then be extended to the core via the addition of pluggable modules and themes.[5].

Core Drupal provides its own modules. However, community-written modules can be downloaded and installed into a non-core area of Drupal's installation. The Drupal core has been designed with a system of hooks, or callbacks, that allow community-contributed modules to insert functions into Drupal's path of execution.
Modules included in Drupal's core enable users to:
Post, revise, and categorize content
Conduct searches
Post comments
Take part in forums
Vote in polls
Work on collaborative writing projects
Post and view personal profiles